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██ ██ ▄████▄ ▄████▄ ▄████▄ ███████ ██████ ██ █ █ █ ▀ █ █ ▀ █ ▀ █ ██ █ █ █ █ █ █ █████ ██ █ █ █ █▄▄▄▄█ █ █ ██ █ █ █ ▄ █ █ █ █ ██████ ▀████▀ ▀████▀ █ █ ███ ██████ ────────────────────────────────────────── File Find and Maintenance Utility ────────────────────────────────────────── Version 2.11 ═══ Instruction Guide ═══ Donald Ray Hutchins System Solutions Company 4409 Ansley Drive Winston-Salem, NC 27107-7671 Copyright (c) 1993 Donald Ray Hutchins, System Solutions Company All Rights Reserved - Unauthorized Duplication Prohibited ┌─────────┐ ┌─────┴───┐ │ (R) ──│ │o │────────────────── │ ┌─────┴╨──┐ │ Association of │ │ │─┘ Shareware └───│ o │ Professionals ──────│ ║ │──────────────────── └────╨────┘ MEMBER Copyright Notice ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── LOCATE is Copyright, 1993 by Donald Ray Hutchins, System Solutions Company. All rights are reserved. LOCATE is shareware. Please see Appendix C, page 53, for a description of shareware. Warranty Disclaimer ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── System Solutions Company makes no warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, including without limitation any warranties of merchantability and/or fitness for a particular purpose. System Solutions Company does not assume any liability for the use of this software beyond the original purchase price of this software. In no event will System Solutions Company be liable to you for any additional damages, including any lost profits, lost savings, or other incidental or consequential damages arising from the use of, or inability to use, this software and its accompanying documentation, even if System Solutions Company has been advised of the possibility of such damages. Manual Conventions ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── This section outlines type-conventions in this guide. Filenames will be printed in all CAPs i.e., LOCATE.EXE. Commands (things you type) also will be in all CAPs. Parameters or options will be surrounded by <angled braces>. Optional parameters or options (usually specified as part of a command) will be surrounded by [square braces]. About System Solutions ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── System Solutions Company is owned by Donald Ray Hutchins and is located in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. System Solutions provides system development and consulting services to local North Carolina companies. Donald Ray Hutchins is a member of the Association of Shareware Professionals (ASP). Please refer to Appendix D, page 54, for more information on the ASP. ┌─────────────────────────[ N O T E ]───────────────────────────────┐ │ To find out how to contact Donald Ray Hutchins at System │▄ │ Solutions Company, please refer to Appendix E, page 55. │█ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘█ ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Table of Contents ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter 1: Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Features Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 What's New in This Release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Chapter 2: Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Network Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Installing LOCATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Using Command-Line Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Entering the File Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Using the Extended Wildcard Option . . . . . . . . . . 5 The LOCATE File Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Interrupting LOCATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Setting LOCATE Defaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Chapter 3: Searching for Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Controlling the Scope of File Searches . . . . . . . . . . . 11 /C Option: Current Directory Only . . . . . . . . . . . 11 /S Option: Current Directory and Under . . . . . . . . 11 /DIR Option: Include Directory Entries . . . . . . . . 12 /V= Option: Volume/ Drive List . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 /PATH Option: Search DOS PATH or NetWare Search MAP . . 12 Miscellaneous Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 /P Option: Pause Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 /Q Option: Quiet Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 /CD Option: Change Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 /AUTO Option: Suppress Confirmation Prompts . . . . . . 14 /### Option: Maximum Files to List or /SET . . . . . . 14 /R Option: Registration Information . . . . . . . . . . 15 Advanced Search Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 /S= Option: File Size Limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 /D= Option: Last Modify Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 /D NOT= Option: Last Modify Date . . . . . . . . . . . 18 /AGE= Option: Last Modify Date . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 /T= Option: Last Modify Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 /T NOT= Option: Last Modify Time . . . . . . . . . . . 20 /A= Option: File Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 /O= Option: File Owner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 /O NOT= Option: NOT File Owner . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 /TEXT Option: File Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Chapter 4: Using /SET Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Overview of /SET Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 /SETD= Option: Set File Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 /SETT= Option: Set File Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 /SETA= Option: Set File Attributes . . . . . . . . . . 29 /SETO= Option: Set File Owner . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Network Considerations for Using /SET Options . . . . . . . 31 Chapter 5: Deleting Files with /DEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Overview of /DEL Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Chapter 6: Using the /BATCH and /RUN Options . . . . . . . . . . 33 Overview of /BATCH Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Overview of /RUN Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Using the Replacement Tokens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Creating Batch Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Chapter 7: Miscellaneous Topics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Network Access Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Alternate Option Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Redirecting Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Error Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Common Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Appendix A: Registration Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 How to Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Cost of Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Upgrade Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Benefits of Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Appendix B: Limited Distribution License . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Important Provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Appendix C: Description of Shareware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Appendix D: The Association of Shareware Professionals . . . . . 54 Appendix E: Contacting System Solutions Company . . . . . . . . . 55 Comments and Suggestions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Appendix F: Trademarks and Copyrights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Chapter 1: Introduction ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Description ═══════════ Welcome to LOCATE, version 2.11! LOCATE is a DOS file location and maintenance utility. If you are saying to yourself, ". . . another file find utility . . .", then please read on. LOCATE stands above other commercial and shareware utilities by offering extremely flexible options without degradations in performance. Features Summary ════════════════ LOCATE allows you to locate files quickly and easily. You may specify a starting path, scan only the current directory, or begin the scan from the root. Multiple volumes may be scanned in a single pass. LOCATE will even search the DOS PATH (and the NetWare Search MAP). Restricting the scan to only files that meet specific criterion is easy using LOCATE's flexible parameters. You may restrict the scan by specifying file attributes, the file date stamp, the file time stamp, the file size, and even the owner (under Novell NetWare). Also, You may find files that fall within a range of criterion (date, time, or size), i.e., all files last modified between 6-15-92 and 6-20-92. In addition to these features, LOCATE supports a powerful SET function that allows you to change file properties as files are located; you may change file attributes (ON or OFF), the file owner under Novell NetWare, the last modify date, and/or the last modify time. For Novell NetWare users, LOCATE displays the owner for each file. In addition, you may restrict the file scan to files owned by (or NOT owned by) any valid user. As stated, the SET function allows you to change the owner for files matching a LOCATE search specification. Many advanced options are supported, including searching for text within files, searching for files that contain text within the filename, and building batch files or running commands based on the file search. LOCATE offers features and functionality that you will not find in competing products. In addition, LOCATE is distributed as shareware; so you can test drive the software before you make a purchase decision (see Appendix C, page 53, for a description of the shareware concept). All this and more is tightly packaged in an intuitive command-line interface that both power users and novice users can master with ease. LOCATE may be customized so that you don't have to keep re-entering the command line options. This gives you the power to establish permanent defaults for many LOCATE options that you can easily override (in whole or in part) on the command-line. ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 1 What's New in This Release ══════════════════════════ For a complete list of new features, please see the documentation file, HISTORY.DOC. The highlights of version 2.x are outlined in this section. All restrictions in previous shareware versions have been removed. In addition, all features are documented and distributed with the shareware version. The problems with the /OWNER flag (under Novell NetWare) in multi- server environments has been fixed. Color has been added to all displays (you can still redirect output to a printer/device or a file). Note that LOCATE maintains your current background color for all displays if possible. In addition, you may now optionally supress the abbreviated path names resulting from very long (or deeply nested) directory paths. Many operations are faster than in previous versions. In addition, error detection has been improved considerably. LOCATE now offers a <R>etry option for critical errors (disk or printer not ready, etc). The new "extended wildcard" support allows you to find files where a search specification occurs anywhere in the FILE[.EXT]. For example, "LOCATE *92" finds all files where "92" is found anywhere in the filename or extension (92DATA.DAT, FILE92.ARC, LIST.92, etc.). LOCATE now allows you to customize default behavior by defining a DOS environment variable (called "LOCATE"). This allows you to set defaults for many LOCATE options (/S, /P, /Q, /M, /BIOS, /DIR, /NONET, /TL###, /[NO]OCCUR, /[NO]CASE, /[L]ONG). LOCATE now allows you to search for text within files. You may optionally list the number of occurrences per file. In addition, you may select to display the offset within the file and the bytes surrounding the search text. You can use this feature when you know the contents of a file but you are not sure of the name. Programmers can use this feature to find all programs that contain a specific function, etc. You can build batch files using the new /BATCH option. For example, you may wish to find all files that meet specific criterion, and copy each file to a backup directory. You simply specify the batch file command format (i.e., "COPY <filename here> C:\BACKUP\*.*") and locate builds the batch file as files are found. In addition, the new /RUN option allows you to run a specified command immediately on selected files. If you want to delete files, you can use the new /DEL option (you'll be prompted first). The /C option now forces LOCATE to search the current directory ONLY; /S has been added to search the current directory and under. ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 2 The new /DIR option allows you to include directory entries in searches. You can find files last modified within a specified number of days using the /AGE= option. To jump to the directory of the first find, use the new /CD option. The new /AUTO option can be used to suppress initial confirmation prompts when using /SET, /DEL, /BATCH, or /RUN options. Use the new /### option to limit the number of files that are listed and/or /SET by LOCATE (for example, /1 stops after the first file). The new /DATE NOT= and /TIME NOT= options allow you to search for files where the modification date and/or time is any date/time other than the specified value. In addition, new keywords make date and time filters more flexible (TODAY, NOW, DATE CREATED (for NetWare), and TIME CREATED (for NetWare)). ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 3 Chapter 2: Getting Started ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── System Requirements ═══════════════════ LOCATE requires an IBM-PC, IBM-PC/AT, or 100% compatible computer with at least 95 Kbytes of available memory. For some options, as much as 125 Kbytes of memory must be available. You must be running MS-DOS or PC-DOS version 3.0 or higher. There is no display/monitor restrictions. A hard disk is not required. In order to use the NetWare (owner) options, you must be running Advanced NetWare version 2.1 or higher. Network Support ═══════════════ You must purchase a Network Site License in order to use LOCATE in a local area network environment. Please refer to Appendix A, page 49 for more information. LOCATE is completely compatible with most network environments. LOCATE offers added functionality for users under Novell NetWare, Advanced 2.1x - 3.11. Note that for some network options, you must have minimum rights or access privileges. See "Network Access Requirements", page 37, for detailed information. Installing LOCATE ═════════════════ To install LOCATE on your computer, simply copy the distribution file, LOCATE.EXE, to any directory in your PATH or NetWare Search MAP. See your DOS documentation for detailed information on the DOS PATH. Enter LOCATE (or LOCATE /?) for a quick summary of all options. ┌─────────────────────────[ N O T E ]───────────────────────────────┐ │ You are encouraged to read this manual before using LOCATE; │▄ │ this ensures that you will get the most from the program. │█ │ Space restrictions on the online /? help screen prevent a │█ │ complete description of options and features. │█ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘█ ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Using Command-Line Options ══════════════════════════ LOCATE allows a high level of flexibility in the format of the command line options. The general form of the LOCATE command is: LOCATE [drive:][path\][*][file].[ext] [options...] │ │ │ └─ spaces here optional │ │ └─ one space required here │ └─ minimum specification is "." └─ extended wildcard option ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 4 You may omit most of the file specification; the only requirement is that you provide some part of the path or filename (a single period at a minimum - "." is the same as "*.*"). Note that you must place at least one space between the file specification and the first option. All white space and extra characters WITHIN options are ignored. In addition, the order of options is generally not important. Most options support several variations of the same parameter (i.e., file size may be specified with /S and /SIZE). For more information, please see "Alternate Option Specifications" in Chapter 7 (page 38). When specifying command-line options, you should place the slash "/" character before each option. As stated above, you are not required to place space between options (only between the file specification and the first option). You may place space within options for readability if you like. Entering the File Specification ─────────────────────────────── As stated above, you must enter at least "." for a file specification, i.e., "LOCATE ." means find files matching "*.*". When you omit any part if the filename or extension, "*" is generally assumed. The following examples illustrate sample commands and the associated assumptions that LOCATE makes. See Chapter 3, page 11, for instructions on controlling the scope of directories that LOCATE searches. LOCATE . ... *.* is searched LOCATE BACKUP ... BACKUP.* is searched LOCATE BACKUP. ... BACKUP. is searched LOCATE BACKUP* ... BACKUP*.* is searched LOCATE .EXE ... *.EXE is searched LOCATE .E* ... *.E* is searched Using the Extended Wildcard Option ────────────────────────────────── The new extended wildcard option allows you to search for files where a specified text occurs anywhere in the filename or extension. To use this feature, simply place an asterisk "*" before the filename. See the following examples: LOCATE *92 ... "92" occurs anywhere in filename[.ext] LOCATE \BACKUP\*DOC ... "DOC" occurs anywhere in filename[.ext] LOCATE C:\*SIGN.DAT ... "SIGN" occurs in filename (.DAT ignored) This feature is useful when you know part of the filename but you are not certain that it is always the FIRST part. Note that if you specify an extension when using the extended wildcard option, it will be ignored. ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 5 LOCATE displays the following status line to indicate that the extended wildcard option is active: Searching : *< 92 >* ... displayed on LOCATE *92 (see above) Start Path: X:\DIRNAME The LOCATE File Display ═══════════════════════ LOCATE displays the following information for each file that is located: path specification, filename, extension, file size, last modified date, last modified time, and file attributes. If you are attached to a Novell NetWare server, the file owner name is displayed. See the following sample display: D:\WP51\DOC\ SS_MLOC .RPT 145968 07-30-91 1:25a A--- DRH D:\WP51\DOC\ SS_LOGS .MAS 445 01-07-92 9:59a AR-- DRH D:\WP51\DOC\ SS_RLLOC.LTR 13060 12-29-91 4:13p A--- DRH D:\WP51\DOC\ SS_LICEN.PRO 9998 12-29-91 4:10p A--- DRH D:\WP51\DOC\ BACKUPS < DIR > 12-01-91 1:12p A--- SUP+ D:\WP51\DOC\ ARCHIVES < DIR > 12-01-91 1:13p A--- SUP+ The file path may be abbreviated if there is not enough room to display the entire path; for example, "D:\...\WP51\BACKUPS\HIST\DOCS" may be displayed. To suppress these types of path name abbreviations (i.e. to force LOCATE to display the full path, up to 79 characters), use the /L[ONG] option. You may specify /L on the command line; however, you may prefer to include this option in the LOCATE environment variable (see "Setting LOCATE Defaults", page 7). For directory entries (see /DIR option), "< DIR >" is displayed in place of the size. LOCATE then displays the data and time that the file (or directory) was last modified (or created). The attributes are indicated if ON (set), else a hyphen (-) is used to indicate that the attribute is OFF (not set). The attributes are indicated in the order listed below. For example, SS_LOGS.MAS in the list above has the Archive and ReadOnly attribute ON. - A = Archive ... file has been modified since last backup - R = ReadOnly ... cannot write to or delete file - S = System ... for system use (hidden) - H = Hidden ... for system use (hidden) For Novell NetWare environments, the file owner will be displayed to the right of the attributes list. If the file owner name is longer than three characters, then the first three characters of the name will be displayed, followed by a plus (+) sign. For example, the supervisor user would be displayed as "SUP+", as illustrated above. You may optionally display longer owner names with the /LN option. For detailed information, see "Setting LOCATE Defaults", page 7. ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 6 The following outlines the meaning for values displayed in the owner position: - any three characters ... owner name - any three characters+ ... partial owner name - ??? ... error getting owner information - --- ... no owner (owner deleted) - Lcl ... local drive, no owner information Interrupting LOCATE ═══════════════════ To interrupt a file scan while in progress, press the ESCAPE key, the Space-Bar, or ENTER. You will be presented with the following prompt: PAUSED: <C>ont <N>ext Ch<D>ir:X:\XXXXXX\XXXXXX <A>bort: N The following keys are available from the pause prompt. Note that the default option (<N>ext) may be selected by simply pressing ENTER. - C ... Continuous (continue without subsequent screen pauses) - N ... Next Screen (continue and pause when screen is full) - D ... change to the Directory specified and exit - A ... Abort To immediately interrupt LOCATE during a file scan (and abort), press Ctrl-C or Ctrl-Break. You will NOT be presented with an option prompt and the scan will terminate as soon as possible. This is used when you want to abort the scan immediately. This Break option is also useful if you are using the /TEXT option and you just reached a 60Mb file that you do not intend to search (searching a file this large could take 20 seconds to 2 minutes depending on your hardware). LOCATE will not check for ESCAPE, Space-Bar, or ENTER while looking inside a file, but Ctrl-Break is checked periodically during all processes (including the /TEXT search). Note that you can use the /P option on the command line or in the LOCATE environment variable to force automatic pauses when the screen is full. See "Miscellaneous Options", page 13, for additional information. Setting LOCATE Defaults ═══════════════════════ You may customize the default behavior of LOCATE by setting a DOS environment variable (called "LOCATE") using the supported command line options. To set the environment variable, include the following command in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file: "SET LOCATE=<options...>". The following options may be specified in the LOCATE environment variable (order is not important). ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 7 Note that all options are supported from the command line. The use of /M and /BIOS is generally restricted to the LOCATE environment variable (to ensure that the flags are set before LOCATE displays anything). - /LN ... forces long owner name display (up to 8 characters) - /L ... suppress path abbreviations for long DIR names - /S ... Search current directory and under - /P ... Pause display when screen is full - /Q ... Quiet (no status information is displayed) - /M ... Mono (use to suppress colors) - /BIOS ... force ROM-BIOS calls for video output - /DIR ... include DIRectory entries in the file search - /NONET ... ignore Novell NetWare even if detected - /TL### ... for /TEXT - lines of text to display (0 - 512) - /OCCUR ... for /TEXT - count occurrences (default) - /CASE ... for /TEXT - case sensitive - /BF... ... for /BATCH - batch file name The options above are described in detail in the sections that follow. Note that all of these options are supported from the command line; however, the use of /M, /BIOS, /NONET, and /LN is generally restricted to the LOCATE environment variable. The /M option suppresses display of colors (intensity is still used). You should only use this option if you use a monochrome monitor and some characters are missing from the LOCATE file display. The /BIOS option should be used if your video hardware is not 100% IBM compatible and/or the display appears erratic, garbled, or slow. Note that display performance may be poor when using this option. Some users with CGA monitors report improved display performance when using the /BIOS option in the LOCATE environment variable. Use /NONET to suppress Novell NetWare support. This option is provided for flexibility. Note that you will not see the owner name for each file and you will be unable to use the owner functions (/O=, /O NOT=, /SET O=) when using the /NONET option. Use /L (or /LONG) to force LOCATE to display the full path/ directory name (up to 79 characters). By default, LOCATE will abbreviate directory paths in order to display all file information on one line. If you use this option and a long path entry is found, then the entire path name is diaplayed on one line; all other file information is displayed on the following line in the standard format. Use /LN (or /LONGNAMES) to force LOCATE to display long owner names (up to eight characters). By default, LOCATE displays only the first three characters of the file owner name (for NetWare files). This may be a problem if you have two owners named "TonyM" and "TonyG" (since LOCATE would display both as "TON+". If you use long names, you may want to include the /LN option in the LOCATE environment variable. ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 8 The /TL### option is used to specify the default number of offset/ occurrence lines to display when using the /TEXT option (see page 24). If you do not specify a value, then 10 is the default. To use this option, simply provide the maximum number after the /TL option, i.e., /TL250 (to increase the maximum to 250). You may enter any value; however, the approximate maximum for most environments is 512. To list no offset lines by default, specify /TL0. Do not use the '=' (equals) character in this option, i.e., /TL=###. While this format is supported on the command line, it is not allowed in the LOCATE environment variable. The /OCCUR option instructs LOCATE to count and display the total number of occurrences when doing a /TEXT search. If you do not want to see the total number of text occurrences, then use /NOOCCUR to suppress this feature. Use the /CASE option to preform case sensitive searches when using the /TEXT option. To find text occurrences without respect to upper or lower case, use the /NOCASE switch. The /BF... options is used to specify the batch file name for use with the /BATCH option. Use the format /BF<file name>, i.e., /BFtemp.bat. Do not use the '=' (equals) character in this option, i.e., /BF=.... While this format is supported on the command line, it is not allowed in the LOCATE environment variable. ┌─────────────────────────[ N O T E ]───────────────────────────────┐ │ When you use the /TL###, /OCCUR, or /CASE options, LOCATE does │▄ │ NOT prompt for the respective information before the search. │█ │ To override one of these defaults on the command line, simply │█ │ use the converse option (i.e., use /NOCASE to override /CASE). │█ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘█ ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ The following environment variable value enables the /S, the /P and the /DIR flags. In addition, the /L option forces LOCATE to display full path (long) names (i.e. no abbreviations). Note that you may specify the options in any order. SET LOCATE=/S/P/DIR/L The following environment variable value sets defaults for the /TEXT option (125 offset lines maximum, count occurrences, no case). SET LOCATE=/TL125 /OCCUR /CASE ... spaces are optional ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 9 The following environment variable establishes defaults for the /TEXT option (250 offset lines maximum, count occurrences, no case), and for the /BATCH option (file name is TEMP.BAT). In addition, all searches will begins at the current subdirectory and include all subdirectories; screen pauses are enabled; and directory entries are included in all searches. SET LOCATE=/TL250/OCCUR/NOCASE/BFTEMP.BAT/S/P/DIR The following commands may be used to override the /CASE option (see the previous example). LOCATE FILE.EXT /NOCASE ... reverses default LOCATE FILE.EXT /CASE- ... you will be prompted ┌─────────────────────────[ N O T E ]───────────────────────────────┐ │ To override any default that has been established in the LOCATE │▄ │ environment variable, simply supply the option on the command │█ │ line followed by a hyphen "-" sign, i.e., "LOCATE . /P-". │█ │ To override all defaults, specify "/LOCATE-" or simply "/-". │█ │ │█ │ If you override /TL###, /OCCUR, or /CASE, or /BF... in this │█ │ way, then you will be prompted for the options (just as if no │█ │ environment variable default existed). │█ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘█ ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 10 Chapter 3: Searching for Files ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Controlling the Scope of File Searches ══════════════════════════════════════ By default, LOCATE begins searches at the root directory of the current drive and searches all directories. All file entries are scanned, while directory entries are ignored. To modify this default scan scope, you must either: (1) Explicitly specify a starting directory as part of the file specification, i.e., "LOCATE ..\D*.BAT", "LOCATE \.COM", or (2) Use one of the command line options that control the scope of the directories that are scanned. Each of the following options is described below: /C, /S, /DIR, /V=, and /PATH. ┌─────────────────────────[ N O T E ]───────────────────────────────┐ │ The /S and /DIR options may be specified in the LOCATE │▄ │ environment variable (to modify the default search scopes). │█ │ See "Setting LOCATE Defaults", page 7 for Instructions. │█ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘█ ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ /C Option: Current Directory Only ───────────────────────────────── The /C option forces LOCATE to search the current (or specified) directory ONLY. This is useful when using /TEXT, /BATCH, or any of the /SET options. Examples: LOCATE .EXE /C ... searches in current directory only LOCATE \BACKUP\.COM /C ... searches in \BACKUP directory only /S Option: Current Directory and Under ────────────────────────────────────── The /S option forces LOCATE to search the current (or specified) directory and all directories it contains. Many users prefer to make the /S option a permanent default. If you generally search relatively small volumes, then searching from the root is not a problem. However, if you are on a network with 500Mb volumes, then you may not want every search to start at the root. Note that if you specify a starting path in the file specification, the /S option is implied (see the third example below). Examples: LOCATE .EXE /S ... searches current directory and under LOCATE \BACKUP\.COM /S ... searches in \BACKUP directory and under LOCATE \BACKUP\.COM ... same search (/S assumed) ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 11 /DIR Option: Include Directory Entries ────────────────────────────────────── The /DIR option includes directory entries in the LOCATE file scan. Normally, directory names are not listed even if they match the file specification. Many users prefer to make the /DIR option a permanent default. Note that /SET operations are not currently supported for directory entries (the /DIR option is ignored on any /SET). /V= Option: Volume/ Drive List ────────────────────────────── To force LOCATE to search multiple drives for a file specification, use the /V= option. The general format of this option is /V=<drive list...>. When specifying the drives to search, colons and white space are ignored. Note that when the /V= option is supplied, the search always starts at the root directory, even if you have specified a starting path. Examples: LOCATE .COM /V=C: D: ... searches from the root of C:, then D: LOCATE .COM /V=CD ... same search LOCATE \DOS\.COM /V=CD ... same search (start path is ignored) Note that invalid drive specifications are removed from the /V= list before LOCATE begins the scan. For example, if you include /V=CDE on a system where E: does not exist, it will automatically be removed. If you are performing a network operation (restricting the scan by file owner or setting the file owner), then all local drives will automatically be removed from the search list. In addition, if you specify any file owner option, LOCATE will verify the owner for the specified path or volume. For example, assume that drive G: maps to SERVER1/SYS: and drive J: maps to SERVER2/SYS:. If you specify /V=GJ with an owner option (/O=, /O !=, or /SET O=), then the specified owner must be valid on both SERVER1 and SERVER2. If the user is valid on SERVER1 only, then J: will be automatically removed from the list. /PATH Option: Search DOS PATH or NetWare Search MAP ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── To search the DOS PATH or the NetWare Search MAP only, use the /PATH option. This is especially helpful when you want to find the location of executable programs (i.e., programs that you run with .COM, .BAT, and .EXE extensions). Note that the /PATH option search is not limited to executable files; you may specify any valid search specification. If you specify a path as a part of the file specification, it will be ignored. Examples: LOCATE ED /PATH ... searches for ED.* in the PATH only LOCATE \DOS\ED ... same search (path, (\DOS) is ignored) ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 12 Note that LOCATE automatically ignores invalid path specifications in /PATH. This includes directories that do not exist and volumes that should not be scanned because of a specifed owner option. For more information, see the previous section "/V= Option". Miscellaneous Options ═════════════════════ This section provides descriptions for several miscellaneous LOCATE command line options. Each of the following options is described below: /P, /Q, /CD, and /R. ┌─────────────────────────[ N O T E ]───────────────────────────────┐ │ The /P and /Q options may be specified in the LOCATE │▄ │ environment variable (to modify the default search scopes). │█ │ See "Setting LOCATE Defaults", page 7 for Instructions. │█ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘█ ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ /P Option: Pause Display ──────────────────────── Unless your search specification or file operation involves a very small number of files, the LOCATE file display will quickly scroll away before you can read the information. To prevent this, use the /P option to pause the display when full. As stated above, you can place this option in the environment variable as a permanent default (and most users do). When the screen pauses, you will be presented with the following prompt (just as if you had pressed ESCAPE, Space-Bar, or ENTER during the file scan): PAUSED: <C>ont <N>ext Ch<D>ir:X:\XXXXXX\XXXXXX <A>bort: N Please refer to "Interrupting LOCATE", page 7, for an explanation of options at this prompt. Note that when you select the <C>ont option (continuous), you essentially turn off the /P option (although you can still force a pause by pressing ESCAPE, Space-Bar, or ENTER). /Q Option: Quiet Display ──────────────────────── The /Q option suppresses the status line that LOCATE uses to display the current directory and file information. On some (slower) systems, especially if using the /BIOS option, you may notice a slight speed improvement when using this option. In most cases, the performance difference is not significant. Note that most users prefer to see the status line. If you decide that you can do without it and you want to maximize search performance, then place the /Q option in your LOCATE environment variable or use this option on the command line. ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 13 /CD Option: Change Directory ──────────────────────────── The /CD option allows you to quickly change to the directory of the first match during a file search. This is useful when you know that you want to jump to the directory containing a file that you are searching for. Note that the match may occur on any drive. You may change to the directory for any file listed by LOCATE by pressing ESCAPE, Space-Bar, or ENTER during the file scan. You will then be presented with a menu of options; select Ch<D>ir to jump to the directory displayed. Note that LOCATE offers the directory for the last file listed, so if the file display scrolls by too quickly you may lose your opportunity! Please refer to "Interrupting LOCATE", page 7, for an explanation of options at the pause prompt. Examples: LOCATE \PRUNE.EXE /CD ... change to directory containing PRUNE.EXE LOCATE CED.COM /V=CD /CD ... change to drive/ directory for CED.COM /AUTO Option: Suppress Confirmation Prompts ─────────────────────────────────────────── When using the /SET options (see Chapter 4, page 27), the /DEL option (see Chapter 5, page 32), or the /BATCH, /RUN options (see Chapter 6, page 33), LOCATE displays an initial confirmation prompt. You should read the confirmation information carefully since both /SET and /DEL are potentially dangerous commands. For some applications, you may wish to suppress the confirmation prompt (when using LOCATE from batch files, for example). To disable the confirmations with /SET, /DEL, /BATCH, and /RUN, specify the /AUTO option on the command line. This forces LOCATE to complete all requested /SET's or /DELetions WITHOUT confirmation. ┌─────────────────────────[ N O T E ]───────────────────────────────┐ │ Please use the /AUTO option with caution. LOCATE will begin │▄ │ /SET's or /DELetions immediately and without any confirmation! │█ │ You should be certain that the file specification and scope │█ │ options are appropriate for the specified operation. │█ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘█ ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ /### Option: Maximum Files to List or /SET ────────────────────────────────────────── You may specify the maximum number of file entries to list and/or set by using the /### option, where '###' is any numeric value from 1 to just over 2 billion (2,147,483,647 to be exact). You may want to use this option to list only the first 25 matches for a search specifications, for example. This option is also useful when performing /SET operations (especially from batch files); for example, you may wish to /SET a property for a single file only. ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 14 When entering the maximum files limit, you may insert commas for readability if you like (although values this large are not generally useful). The following command limits the files listed to 25 for a simple search specification: LOCATE .C /C /25 The following command illustrates a /SET operation where only the first file found in the current directory is adjusted. The /SET options are described in Chapter 4 (see page 27). LOCATE MSDRV.EXE /C /1 /SETA=R /R Option: Registration Information ─────────────────────────────────── The /R option displays a quick summary of the registration procedures for LOCATE. See Appendix A, page 49, in this guide for detailed registration information and instructions. Advanced Search Options ═══════════════════════ LOCATE supports many advanced file search and manipulation options that allow you to search for file based on flexible and powerful parameters. For example, you could LOCATE all files that have been modified in the past 2 days that are larger than 100,000 bytes and that are owned (under NetWare) by any user other than DRH. The following command would accomplish this: LOCATE . /AGE=2 /S=100,000- /O NOT=DRH ... spaces are for readability The following options are described in this section: /S=, /D=, /AGE=, /T=, /A=, /O=, /O NOT=, and /TEXT. /S= Option: File Size Limit ─────────────────────────── It is often convenient to find files that fall within a range of sizes. LOCATE allows you to search for files that are a specific size, or within a specified size range. For example, you may wish to find all files that are larger than 250,000 bytes. You can use this option to easily locate those pesky zero-byte files that are often left behind by application programs. In addition, you may want to periodically list all files that are larger than a specified size; this is a great way to free up disk space quickly (get rid of the largest files first). ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 15 The general form of this option is /S=[minimum size]-[maximum size]. You may insert white space for readability if you like. In addition, you may optionally use commas within the size specifications. When entering a size range, you may use any non-space character (except slash "/") to delimit the size arguments (note that the hyphen "-" character is recommended). ┌─────────────────────────[ N O T E ]───────────────────────────────┐ │ When using any of the LOCATE range options (for size, date, │▄ │ or time), note that the respective limits are always INCLUSIVE. │█ │ For example, the option /S=100-1,000 includes 100 and 1,000. │█ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘█ ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ The following command searches for all *.H files under F:\SOURCE that are EXACTLY 1,000 bytes (not a very useful search). LOCATE F:\SOURCE\*.H /S=1,000 ... commas are optional The next command finds all files on drives C: through H: that are exactly 0 bytes. Note that the /DEL option (described in Chapter 5, page 32) could be used here to erase these files. LOCATE . /V=CDEFGH /S=0 The following command searches for all *.DAT files that are between 1,000 bytes and 5,000 bytes (inclusive). Note that the white space here is for readability only. LOCATE *.DAT /S=1,000 - 5,000 The following command searches for all *.LTR files that are at least 250,000 bytes. Note that this is identical to the range syntax above, except that the second size is omitted. LOCATE .LTR /S=250,000- The following command searches for all *.PRG files under E:\SYSTEM that are 1,500 bytes or less (0 to 1,500, inclusive). Again, the optional space is for readability. LOCATE E:\SYSTEM\.PRG /S= -1,500 /D= Option: Last Modify Date ──────────────────────────── For every file and directory, DOS maintains a last modified date and time. When you create or modify a file, this date and time are automatically updated. Using LOCATE, you can easily find files created or updated within a specified date range or within a specified period of time. Chapter 4 describes procedures for changing the date and/or time using LOCATE's powerful /SET options (see page 28). ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 16 You can use this option to list all files created or last modified today or in the past week, etc. For example, you may want to see all files changed by an application program. This is also useful to list files that have been modified by an installation program (especially useful for Windows applications!). The general form of this option is /D=[start date]-[end date]. You may insert white space for readability if you like. In addition, you may optionally enter the century year (19xx is assumed). When entering a date range, you may use any non-space character (except slash "/") to delimit the date arguments (note that the hyphen "-" character is recommended). ┌─────────────────────────[ N O T E ]───────────────────────────────┐ │ Use the special keyword "TODAY" to denote the current date. │▄ │ For example, /D=TODAY may be used to find files created or │█ │ modified today (this is equivalent to /AGE=0). If you are │█ │ running LOCATE in a Novell NetWare environment, use the keyword │█ │ "DATE CREATED" to denote the date the file was created/ copied. │█ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘█ ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ The following command searches for all *.H files under F:\SOURCE that are were created or modified on 4-1-1993. LOCATE F:\SOURCE\*.H /D=4-1-93 ... same as /D=04-01-1993 The next command finds all files on drives C: through H: that were created or modified on the current date (today). LOCATE . /V=CDEFGH /D=TODAY ... same as /AGE=0 The following command searches for all *.DAT files that were created or modified between the dates of 4-1-93 and 4-15-93 (inclusive). Note that the white space here is for readability only. LOCATE *.DAT /D=4-1-93 - 4-15-93 The following command searches for all *.LTR files that were created or modified on or after 4-1-93. Note that this is identical to the range syntax above, except that the second date is omitted. LOCATE .LTR /S=4-1-93 - This command lists all *.PRG files under E:\SYSTEM that were created or last modified on or before 4-15-93. Again, the white space here (after the '=' character) is optional. LOCATE E:\SYSTEM\.PRG /D= -4-15-93 ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 17 /D NOT= Option: Last Modify Date ──────────────────────────────── The /D NOT= option is an extension of the /D= date filter option. Use this option to include files created or last modified on any date other than the specified value. See the previous section for detailed information on using the /D= options. The following command finds all *.C files in the current directory that were not created or modified on 12-31-1993. LOCATE .C /C /D NOT= 12-31-93 ... white space is optional The following command searches for all *.H files under F:\SOURCE that are were created or modified before the current date. Note that the modification/creation date cannot be after the current date, so this exclusion yields the desired result. LOCATE F:\SOURCE\*.H /D NOT=TODAY The next command finds all files on drives F: through H: that have been modified since the date the file was created or copied (Novell NetWare required). Note that the modification date must be on or after the Novell creation date. LOCATE . /V=FGH /D NOT=DATE CREATED ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 18 /AGE= Option: Last Modify Date ────────────────────────────── The /AGE= option is an extension of the /D= option (see previous section). This option allows you to search for files created or last modified within a specified number of days. For example, you may wish to find files modified within the past five days. When using the /AGE= option, you must specify the number of days; the valid range is from 0 (today) to 365 (1 year ago). The general format of this option is /AGE=<number of days>. Note that if you specify /AGE=0, then all files created or modified on the current date will be listed (this is equivalent to specifying /D=TODAY). The following command searches for all *.H files under F:\SOURCE that were created or modified on the current day (today). LOCATE F:\SOURCE\*.H /AGE=0 ... same as /D=TODAY The next command finds all files on drives C: through H: that were created or modified within the past three days. LOCATE . /V=CDEFGH /AGE=3 ... today and three days prior The following command searches for all *.DAT files that were created or modified within the past two months. LOCATE *.DAT /AGE=60 /T= Option: Last Modify Time ──────────────────────────── For every file and directory, DOS maintains a last modified date and time. When you create or modify a file, this date and time are automatically updated. Using LOCATE, you can easily find files created or updated within a specified date range or within a specified period of time. Chapter 4 describes procedures for changing the date and/or time using LOCATE's powerful /SET options (see page 29). You can use this option to list all files created or last modified at a specified time or within a specified time range. For example, you may want to see all files modified in the past hour. The general form of this option is /T=[start hh:mm]-[end hh:mm]. You may insert white space for readability if you like. You should enter the time in 24 hour format; 0:00 is midnight, 12:00 is noon, and 23:59 is 11:59pm. You should NOT enter a value for seconds (:00 is assumed). When entering a time range, you may use any non-space character (except slash "/") to delimit the time arguments (note that the hyphen "-" character is recommended). ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 19 ┌─────────────────────────[ N O T E ]───────────────────────────────┐ │ Use the special keyword "NOW" to denote the current time. │▄ │ For example, /T=NOW may be used to find files created or │█ │ modified at the current time. If you are running LOCATE in │█ │ a Novell NetWare environment, use the special keyword │█ │ "TIME CREATED" to denote the time the file was created/ copied. │█ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘█ ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ The following command searches for all *.H files under F:\SOURCE that were created or modified at 5:00am (on any date). This may be useful for applications that use the time stamp to indicate the software version (note that LOCATE.EXE should be time stamped with the version; for example, version 2.11 should be stamped 2:11am. LOCATE F:\SOURCE\*.H /T=5:00 The following command searches for all *.DAT files that were created or modified between the times of 1:00am and 5:00am (inclusive). Note that the white space here is for readability only. LOCATE *.DAT /T=1:00 - 5:00 The following command searches for all *.LTR files that were created or modified at or after 2:30pm. Note that this is identical to the range syntax above, except that the second time is omitted. LOCATE .LTR /T=14:30 - The following command searches for all *.PRG files under E:\SYSTEM that were created or last modified at or before 6:00pm. Again, the optional space is for readability. LOCATE E:\SYSTEM\.PRG /T= -18:00 /T NOT= Option: Last Modify Time ──────────────────────────────── The /T NOT= option is an extension of the /T= time filter option. Use this option to include files created or last modified at any time other than the specified value. See the previous section for detailed information on using the /T= options. The following command finds all *.C files in the current directory that were not created or modified at 9:30am. LOCATE .C /C /T NOT= 9:30 ... white space is optional ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 20 /A= Option: File Attributes ─────────────────────────── For every file, DOS maintains an attribute byte that contains four flags (or bits) as described in this section (other bits in the file attribute byte are used by DOS to indicate a volume label entry or a directory entry). For detailed information on DOS file attributes, please consult your DOS documentation. A brief description of these attributes is provided. Archive This flag is used by Backup, XCopy, and other programs to determine which files have been modified since the last backup. If the file has been modified, then this flag is set (or ON). ReadOnly This flag prevents a file from being changed or deleted. Hidden This flag prevents the file from being displayed in a directory listing. Note that you can still use the file (if you know the filename). System This flag designates the file as a system file. System files are hidden from display in a directory listing. This flag is generally reserved for use by DOS. MS-DOS sets the System bit/flag ON for MSDOS.SYS and IO.SYS. ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 21 LOCATE allows you to search for files that match specified attributes. For example, you may wish to find all hidden and/or system files on your disk (especially helpful after installing new software). You may wish to see all files that have been changed (i.e., the Archive bit is set ON). Chapter 4 describes procedures for changing the file attributes (setting individual flags ON or OFF) using LOCATE's powerful /SET options (see page 29). You can use this feature to protect files (set ReadOnly ON) or to hide files from prying eyes (set the Hidden attribute ON). The general form of the Attribute option is /A=<attributes>. List the attributes by first letter only, i.e., A, R, S, and/or H. As with other options, white space and extra characters are ignored. In addition, the order of attributes in the list is not important. The following command will search for all files on drives C: through H: that have been modified (Archive bit set ON) since the last backup. LOCATE . /V=CDEFGH /A=A If you include more that one attribute flag in the list, then LOCATE will display matching files where ANY ONE of the specified attributes is set ON. For example, the following command will search for all *.EXE files that have the Hidden or System attribute, or both. LOCATE *.EXE /A=HS Use the following command to find all the Hidden, System, and/or ReadOnly files and directories on your system (assume drives C: through H:). Note that the /DIR option includes directory entries; the /P option ensures pauses when the screen is full. LOCATE . /V=CDEFGH /A=HSR /DIR /P ... spaces for readability /O= Option: File Owner ────────────────────── If you are running LOCATE in a Novell NetWare environment, then you may search for files by owner name. This is a great feature for network administrators that need to quickly see files created or modified by a specified user (or by all users EXCEPT a specified user). Chapter 4 describes procedures for changing the NetWare file owner using LOCATE's powerful /SET options (see page 31). Network administrators can use this feature to assign ownership of files to any valid user. Note that NetWare requires minimum access rights for many of the operations performed by LOCATE. Please refer to "Network Access Requirements", page 37, for detailed rights requirements for your version of NetWare. ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 22 ┌─────────────────────────[ N O T E ]───────────────────────────────┐ │ When using the /O owner option, files on LOCAL drives will be │▄ │ ignored, even if they match the search specification. NetWare │█ │ does not maintain owner information for files on LOCAL drives. │█ │ │█ │ In addition, LOCATE automatically removes paths or volumes from │█ │ /PATH and /V= when the path is not valid for a specified file │█ │ owner. See "/PATH" and "/V=" sections in this chapter for │█ │ detailed information. │█ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘█ ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ The general form of the owner option is /O=<user name>. If you supply a user name that is not valid for the search specification (i.e., for the volume(s) being searched), then you will receive an error. As with other options, white space and extra characters are ignored. In addition, case is not important (enter the owner in upper or lower case; LOCATE will convert to uppercase automatically). The following command searches for all *.H files under F:\SOURCE that are owned by user "DRH". LOCATE F:\SOURCE\*.H /O=DRH The next command finds all files on drives C: through H: that are owned by user "JDOE". LOCATE . /V=CDEFGH /O=JDOE ... local drives will be ignored The following command searches for all *.DAT files on drives I: and J: that are owned by user "SUSANJ". Note that drive I: or J: must be mapped to a server where "SUSANJ" is a valid user. LOCATE *.DAT /V=IJ /O=SUSANJ The following command searches for all *.LTR files under the current directory that are owned by the SUPERVISOR. LOCATE .LTR /S /O=SUPERVISOR The following command finds all files on the current volume that have NO owner (this happens when the existing owner bindery object is deleted). LOCATE \. /O= ... just leave the owner name blank ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 23 /O NOT= Option: NOT File Owner ────────────────────────────── The /O EXCLUDE option (/O NOT=) is an extension of the /O= option; please see the previous section for more information on the usage of the owner option in Novell NetWare environments. The use of the /O EXCLUDE option is identical to the /O= option. The general form of this command is /O NOT=<user name>; the space before "NOT" is for readability only. You may alternatively use the syntax /O !=<user name>. Note that when using the /O NOT= option, you may leave the owner specification blank to see files owned by any user (see last example in previous section). This simply excludes files without owners. The following command searches for all *.H files under F:\SOURCE that are owned by all users EXCEPT user "DRH". LOCATE F:\SOURCE\*.H /O NOT= DRH ... same as /O!=DRH or /O != DRH The next command finds all files on drives C: through H: that are owned by all users EXCEPT user "JDOE". LOCATE . /V=CDEFGH /O NOT= JDOE ... local drives will be ignored /TEXT Option: File Contents ─────────────────────────── In many cases, if you are searching for lost information or files, you may know the "contents" of the files, even though you do not know how the files are named. For example, if someone on the network completed a proposal a year ago and no one knows where the document is stored, then you can use LOCATE to list all files containing some text that is unique to the lost document. Also, this is a great tool for programmers. You can use LOCATE to list all occurrences of a specific function call or to list all programs where a specified header is used, etc. Note that you may specify options (on the command line or in the LOCATE environment variable) that establish defaults for most /TEXT parameters. Refer to "Setting LOCATE Defaults" on page 7 for detailed information and instructions. In addition, you may specify the text to search for by using the following format: /TEXT="search text...". This allows you to specify all /TEXT options without prompts. The following /TEXT option prompts are provided unless specified in the LOCATE environment variable or on the command line. Note that many options offer a default response (press ENTER to accept the default where available). ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 24 Search For This is the target search text. Unless you intend to do a case sensitive search, you can enter the text in any case (upper or lower). Use /TEXT="search text..." on the command line if desired. List Number of Occurrences Select <Y>es to have LOCATE count the total number of text occurrences in each file where a match is found. Use /OCCUR or /NOOCCUR on the command line or in the LOCATE environment variable. List Offsets/ Contents Select <Y>es to have LOCATE display the text surrounding each match (by default, up to 10 occurrences will be displayed). Use /TL### on the command line or in the LOCATE environment variable. For example, /TL100 instructs LOCATE to display the first 100 matches. Use /TL0 (or /TL=0) to suppress these listings. Ignore Case Select <Y>es to find both upper and lower occurrences of the search text. Use /CASE or /NOCASE on the command line or in the LOCATE environment variable. The following is a sample of the LOCATE output when offsets and number of occurrences are being displayed. Note that the display has been distorted somewhat in order to fit on the page. Searching for : "hutchins" (any case) List occurrences: ON List offsets : ON (10 lines max) F:\WP51\DOC\ SS_RMLOC.13 6592 10-03-92 3:21p ---- Offset = 791 [ Ray Hutchins, System Solutions Company ] Offset = 6345 [o "DRHutchins" on·America-Online.·T····X·····X ] Offset = 6414 [ Ray Hutchins·T$4············System Solutions ] Total Occurrences: 3 F:\WP51\DOC\ SS_MLOC .13 94358 10-02-92 5:11p ---- Offset = 83318 [···DRHutchins···.·T$D·D········4·4····You are ] Total Occurrences: 1 F:\WP51\DOC\ SS_MLOC .200 94358 10-02-92 5:11p ---- Offset = 83318 [···DRHutchins···.·T$!·D····121xxdd ···You are ] Offset = 93318 [nald Hutchins···.·,,D·D········4·4····Ysd dddd ] Total Occurrences: 2 LOCATE: 3 Files Occupying 195308 Bytes (<1 MBytes) ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 25 Note that LOCATE displays control characters and all non-printable values as a single dot "·". Also note that color is used (when available) to highlight the search string in the displayed text. LOCATE always displays five bytes before the search string, and then the search string and subsequent text (up to 55 characters maximum). Use the following command to specify all search options on the command line. This search finds all files containing "System Solutions". Exact case is matched and total occurrences are displayed. Up to 250 lines of offset information will be displayed for each file. LOCATE *.* /TEXT="System Solutions" /CASE /OCCUR /TL=250 Note that the '"' (double quote) marks are required (unless searching for a single token (character or word) with no leading or trailing spaces). To embed the '"' character in the search string, precede the character with '\' (backslash). For example, to search for "string" with quote", specify /TEXT="string\" with quote". If using the prompted method, then the '\' character is NOT required (it will be interpreted literally if provided). Most users will establish defaults for /[no]CASE and /[no]OCCUR and /TL### in the LOCATE environment variable. In addition, most users will simply use /TEXT and enter the search string at the prompt. When specifying the /TL### option on the command line, you may enter the '=' (equals) character (as shown above) if desired, but it is not required. Note that you must not use the '=' (equals) character in the LOCATE environment variable. Please refer to "Setting LOCATE Defaults" on page 7 for detailed information and instructions. To override an environment variable default for the /TEXT option, you may simply enter the desired option on the command line. For example, if /NOCASE is the default, then use /CASE to override it. You may optionally disable the default by following it with a hyphen on the command line. For example, /CASE- disables the /CASE default. When you disable a default, LOCATE prompts you for the required options. ┌─────────────────────────[ N O T E ]───────────────────────────────┐ │ For many /TEXT searches, you may want to quickly determine if │▄ │ files contain some text without seeing the offset lines or the │█ │ total number of occurrences. │█ │ │█ │ For the fastest searches, do not have LOCATE count all /TEXT │█ │ occurrences (use /NOOCCUR). In addition, use /TL=0 to suppress │█ │ offset displays. The /[no]CASE option does not affect speed. │█ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘█ ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 26 Chapter 4: Using /SET Options ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Overview of /SET Options ════════════════════════ The /SET options allow you to set/ change the last modify date, last modify time, the file attributes, and the file owner (under Novell NetWare) for files that match a LOCATE search specification. When combined with LOCATE's powerful search filters, the /SET options provide a very flexible and easy method of maintaining files. Note that the attribute byte (archive bit/flag) is NOT changed when you use the /SET options to modify any of the file properties (unless you change it explicitly with /SETA=, of course). ┌─────────────────────────[ N O T E ]───────────────────────────────┐ │ The /SET options do NOT allow you to change file properties │▄ │ for directory entries. Note that if you use the /DIR option │█ │ when performing a /SET, the /DIR option is ignored. │█ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘█ ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ When you use the /SET option(s), LOCATE will display a summary of the requested operations and prompt for confirmation before the search begins. To suppress the initial confirmation prompt, use the /AUTO option (see page 14). The following prompt will be presented following the summary: SET options for <spec> under Start Path: <Y>es Yes w/<C>onf <A>bort: At the confirmation prompt, select <Y>es to confirm requested SET's for all files in <spec> under the start path displayed. Select <A>bort to cancel all SET's and abort. When you select the <C>onfirm option, LOCATE will prompt you for confirmation on each SET for each file. The following sample prompt confirms setting Attributes ON as requested for ACCT.DAT. SET ATTR+ for File [F:\DATA\ACCT.DAT]: <Y>es <N>o <S>et All <A>bort: Note that the prompt "SET ATTR+" indicates that attributes are being turned ON (or set), while "SET ATTR-" indicates that attributes are being turned OFF. Other prompts are obvious ("SET DATE", "SET TIME", and "SET OWNER"). At this confirmation prompt, select <Y>es to confirm the property change for the file listed. Select <N>o to skip the displayed SET (in the previous example, ATTR+) for the file. Select <S>et All to confirm the displayed SET for the current and ALL subsequent files. Select <A>bort to cancel all subsequent SET's and stop the search. ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 27 Note that the <S>et All option applies ONLY to the displayed SET. For example, if setting date AND time in a single operation, then you could select to <S>et All dates (when prompted for SET DATE...) without affecting the confirmation prompts for the time (i.e., SET TIME...). ┌─────────────────────────[ N O T E ]───────────────────────────────┐ │ When using /SET options, LOCATE only changes file properties │▄ │ when the current value does not match the requested value │█ │ (for example, no time is wasted setting the owner to JDOE if │█ │ the owner is already JDOE). When using the <C>onfirm option, │█ │ some files may be listed without the requested confirmation. │█ │ Note that LOCATE has not changed the file(s) without your │█ │ permission -- file properties already matched your SET request. │█ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘█ ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ /SETD= Option: Set File Date ──────────────────────────── For every file and directory, DOS maintains a last modified date and time. When you create or modify a file, this date and time are automatically updated. LOCATE allows you to change the last modify date for any file or group of files that match a search specification. Programmers can use this option to set the dates (and times using the /SETT= option) of application programs to the revision date/ release date before distribution. This also is helpful when using a programmer's MAKE utility that rebuilds programs based on the date/time stamp of source files (see the NOTE below). The general form of this option is /SETD=[new date]. You may insert white space for readability if you like. In addition, you may optionally the century year (19xx is the assumed default). ┌─────────────────────────[ N O T E ]───────────────────────────────┐ │ Use the special keyword "TODAY" to denote the current date. │▄ │ For example, /SETD=TODAY may be used to set the last modify │█ │ date to the current date. Likewise, when using the /SETT= │█ │ option to set the last modify time (see next section), you may │█ │ use the keyword "NOW" to denote the current time. Programmers │█ │ could use these options to "TOUCH" a file and thereby force │█ │ inclusion by a MAKE utility (you may wish to create a batch │█ │ file to do this, i.e., LOCATE %1 /SETD=TODAY /SETT=NOW %2 %3) │█ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘█ ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ The following command searches for all *.H files under F:\SOURCE and sets the last modify date to 4-1-1993. LOCATE F:\SOURCE\*.H /SETD=4-1-93 ... same as /SETD=04-01-1993 ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 28 The next command finds KSTUFF.EXE in the current directory and sets the last modify date to the current date. LOCATE KSTUFF.EXE /C /SETD=TODAY ... space added for readability /SETT= Option: Set File Time ──────────────────────────── For every file and directory, DOS maintains a last modified date and time. When you create or modify a file, this date and time are automatically updated. LOCATE allow you to change the last modify time for any file or group of files that match a search specification. As stated above (see /SETD=), programmers can use this option to set the dates and times of application programs to the revision date/ release date before distribution. etc. In addition, the /SETT= option can be used to force inclusion of source files when using a MAKE utility (see the NOTE in the previous section). The general form of this option is /SETT=[new time]. You should enter the time in 24 hour format; 0:00 is midnight, 12:00 is noon, and 23:59 is 11:59pm. You should NOT enter a value for seconds (:00 is assumed). The following command searches for all *.EXE files under F:\SOURCE and sets the last modify time to 1:00am. LOCATE F:\SOURCE\.EXE /SETT=1:00 ... ":00" is optional (default) The next command finds KSTUFF.EXE in the current directory and sets the last modify time to midnight (12:00am as displayed by DOS). LOCATE KSTUFF.EXE /C /SETT=0 ... same as /SETT=0:00 /SETA= Option: Set File Attributes ────────────────────────────────── For every file, DOS maintains an attribute byte that contains four flags (or bits) as described in the preceding sections. A brief description of these attributes is provided here for your reference. Please refer to "/A= Option", page 21, for additional information. Archive If the file has been modified, then this flag is set ON. ReadOnly This flag prevents a file from being changed or deleted. Hidden This flag prevents the file from being displayed. System This flag designates the file as a system file. ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 29 LOCATE allows you to modify the attributes for files that match a search specification. You can use this option to flag important files as ReadOnly (i.e., master documents). You may wish to set the Hidden attribute for files that you want to protect from prying eyes. Note that you can still use the file (if you know the name). You can set the Archive attribute ON to flag a file as "modified" (to force a backup, etc.). Another important application of the /SETA= option is turning attribute bits/flags OFF. For example, you may wish to remove the Hidden or ReadOnly attribute from a file or group of files. If you are using the /SETA= option to remove protected attributes (Hidden, System, or ReadOnly) in order to DELETE a file or group of files, then you can use the /DEL option instead. Please see Chapter 5, page 32, for more information. ┌─────────────────────────[ N O T E ]───────────────────────────────┐ │ DOS installs two important system files on the root directory │▄ │ of your boot drive, MSDOS.SYS and IO.SYS. These files are │█ │ Hidden, System, and ReadOnly. You should NOT modify these │█ │ file attributes. │█ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘█ ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ When specifying the /SETA= option, list any attributes (by first letter only) to turn ON. If you want to turn an attribute OFF, then precede the attribute letter with a hyphen "-". The following command searches for all *.EXE files under F:\SOURCE and sets the Archive attribute flag ON. LOCATE F:\SOURCE\.EXE /SETA=A The following command searches for all *.EXE files under F:\SOURCE and sets the Hidden and ReadOnly attributes ON. LOCATE F:\SOURCE\.EXE /SETA=HR The next command finds KSTUFF.EXE in the current directory and sets the ReadOnly attribute OFF. LOCATE KSTUFF.EXE /C /SETT=-R Note that you can turn attributes ON and OFF concurrently. For example, the following command searches for all *.COM files under the current directory and sets the Archive attribute OFF, and the ReadOnly attribute ON. LOCATE *.COM /C /SETA=-AR ... or /SETA=R-A or /SETA= R -A ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 30 /SETO= Option: Set File Owner ───────────────────────────── If you are running LOCATE in a Novell NetWare environment, then you may change the owner of files using the powerful /SETO= option. Please see "/O= Option", page 22, for detailed information on using the LOCATE owner option. This is a great feature for network administrators. For example, if you install an application under a personal login (not SUPERVISOR) and later want to assign ownership of all files in the subdirectory structure to the SUPERVISOR, then issue the following command and LOCATE will quickly complete the change. LOCATE . /S /SETO=SUPERVISOR ... /S = current DIR and under To change ownership for a single file in the current directory, use the following command (sets the owner to DRH for PRUNE.EXE). LOCATE PRUNE.EXE /C /SETO=DRH ... /C = current DIR only Note that you must specify a valid user name for the specified path. You cannot leave the user option blank. As with the /O= option, all local drives are ignored when using /SETO= to change the file owner. Network Considerations for Using /SET Options ═════════════════════════════════════════════ As stated, the attribute byte (archive bit) is NOT changed when you use /SET to modify any of the file properties (unless you change it explicitly with /SETA=). The "Last Accessed Date" (not the last modify date discussed above) that is maintained in Novell NetWare environments IS updated when you use the /SET option to change a file property. See your NetWare documentation for detailed information. Note that NetWare requires minimum access rights for many of the /SET operations performed by LOCATE. Please refer to "Network Access Requirements", page 37, for detailed rights requirements for your version of NetWare. ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 31 Chapter 5: Deleting Files with /DEL ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Overview of /DEL Option ═══════════════════════ The /DEL option allows you to delete files that match a LOCATE search specification. You may be thinking that DOS already has a DEL command to remove files; and if you want to delete one or all files in a directory, then you are right! However, if you want to delete files based on more sophisticated criterion, or if you want to delete files are protected by DOS file attributes, then LOCATE to the rescue. ┌─────────────────────────[ N O T E ]───────────────────────────────┐ │ When using /DEL to remove files, LOCATE will automatically │▄ │ remove the protected attributes (ReadOnly, System, or Hidden) │█ │ if necessary. If you are certain that you want to remove a │█ │ file or group of files, and DOS responds with "Access Denied", │█ │ then use the LOCATE /DEL option to remove the files instead. │█ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘█ ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ When you specify the /DEL option, locate will display the following prompt for each file to be deleted. To suppress the initial confirmation prompt, use the /AUTO option (see page 14). DELETE File [X:\PATH\FILE.EXT]: <Y>es <N>o <D>elete All <A>bort: At the confirmation prompt, specify <Y>es to DELETE the displayed file and continue. Select <N>o to skip this file. Select <A>bort to cancel the search immediately. Select <D>elete All to DELETE the current and ALL subsequent files found. Please use caution when selecting the <D>elete All option. You must ensure that all remaining files in the search specification should be deleted. See the important note below. Note that LOCATE displays a message for each file deleted. The following display indicates that SS_RMBAK.13 has been deleted. F:\WP51\DOC\ SS_RMLOC.13 6592 10-03-92 3:21p A--- F:\WP51\DOC\ SS_RMBAK.13 6592 10-03-92 3:23p ---- └─ Deleted ┌─────────────────────────[ N O T E ]───────────────────────────────┐ │ │▄ │ **** P l e a s e Use the /DEL option With C A U T I O N **** │█ │ │█ │ If you accidently DELETE a file or group of files, then you │█ │ MAY be able to recover the file(s) with the UNDELETE utility │█ │ (DOS 5) or with any one of the commercial recovery tools │█ │ (i.e., Norton Utilities, PC Tools, etc.). │█ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘█ ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 32 Chapter 6: Using the /BATCH and /RUN Options ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Overview of /BATCH Option ═════════════════════════ The /BATCH option allows you to build batch files based on the files found in a LOCATE search specification. This is a great way to find a group of files and perform some command on the files. For more information on batch files and how they are used, please refer to your DOS documentation. Programmers can use LOCATE to find all files containing a specified function (using the /TEXT option), and then create a batch file to load each file into an editor. You could use the same technique to launch a word processor with all documents containing specified text. Like the /TEXT option, the /BATCH option supports both a command line and a prompted method. To have LOCATE prompt for the batch file name and format line, simply use the /BATCH option. To specify the batch file and/or format line on the command line, use the /BF=<file name> and /BATCH="format line" options. Note that you may specify the /BF= option in the LOCATE environment variable (i.e., /BFtemp.bat). Refer to "Setting LOCATE Defaults" on page 7 for detailed information and instructions. When you specify the /BATCH option, LOCATE will prompt you for the name of the batch file to create. You may enter any valid file name; if you do not specify a path, the current directory is assumed. If you do not supply an file extension, then ".BAT" will be used. If you specify the name of an existing file, it will be overwritten. Note that you may simply press ENTER (and leave the file blank) at this prompt to cancel the /BATCH option and abort. Note that you must enter a valid DOS file name. If you enter an invalid name or the name of a DOS device (CON: or PRN:, etc.), LOCATE will return to the file name prompt. After entering the batch file name, you will be prompted for the format line. Again, you may simply press ENTER (and leave the format line blank) to cancel the /BATCH and abort. The format line specifies the format and content of each line written to the batch file. For each file matching the search specification, LOCATE writes a single line to the batch file using your format line as a guide. You may include any text you like on the format line. The file specific information is included on this line by using special replacement tokens (see sections below for detailed information). For example, if the batch file line should read "PRINT <file name>", then you must use a replacement token to instruct LOCATE to place the file name in the proper position after the PRINT command (in this example, the format line should read "PRINT &s"). ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 33 Note that you must include at least one valid replacement token in the format line. If you attempt to specify an incomplete format line, LOCATE will return to the format line prompt. For each file in the search specification, LOCATE will display the following confirmation prompt before writing the batch file entry: BATCH [< command spec>]: <Y>es <N>o <I>nclude All <A>bort: Y At the confirmation prompt, select <Y>es to include the file/command in the batch file. Select <N>o to skip the current file and continue. Select <I>nclude All to include the current and all remaining files. Select <A>bort to stop the scan and return to DOS. ┌─────────────────────────[ N O T E ]───────────────────────────────┐ │ The most common use of the /BATCH option is running a command │▄ │ or program on the files matching a search specification. If │█ │ you want to DELETE files, you could make a batch file with │█ │ the DOS command DEL (i.e., "DEL <file name>"); however, the │█ │ /DEL option is much easier. Please refer to Chapter 5, │█ │ page 32, more information/ instructions. │█ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘█ ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Overview of /RUN Option ═══════════════════════ The /RUN option is identical to the /BATCH option (see the previous section); however, the specified command is executed immediately for each file. The following confirmation prompt is displayed for each file in the LOCATE search specification: RUN [< command spec>]: <Y>es <N>o <R>un All <A>bort: Y At the confirmation prompt, select <Y>es to run the specified command using the current file entry. Select <N>o to skip the current file and continue. Select <R>un All to run the current and all remaining files. Select <A>bort to stop the scan and return to DOS. Using the Replacement Tokens ════════════════════════════ The previous sections introduced the use of replacement tokens to create the /BATCH and /RUN format lines. This section describes each replacement token. Note that each token is prefixed with the "&" character. These tokens may be specified in either upper or lower case. When LOCATE finds a replacement token in your format line, then the appropriate component of the drive:path/file specification is substituted for the token. Note that format lines must contain at least one valid token. ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 34 See the table (next page) for a list of all valid tokens. Most of these tokens are displayed for your reference at the format line prompt. Token Description Example ───── ──────────────────────────── ───────────────────────── &v volume/ drive id F: &r root of volume F:\ &p volume with path F:\HOME &d directory only \HOME &b directory with backslash \HOME\ &f file name CONGRESS &e extension (if available) .LTR &n file name and extension CONGRESS.LTR &s complete file specification F:\HOME\CONGRESS.LTR && & character & Note that some token values overlap others; the duplication was intentionally incorporated for flexibility. For many operations, you may find several variations can be specified to achieve the same result. For example, "&v\" is the same as "&r". Note that the only difference between &d and &b is the trailing backslash "\" character (see the example above). If a file is located in the root directory, then &d and &b are equal (the value is "\"). And so &d never displays the trailing backslash UNLESS the file is in the root directory. ┌─────────────────────────[ N O T E ]───────────────────────────────┐ │ If your search specification includes the batch file that is │▄ │ being created by the /BATCH option, then the file will be │█ │ ignored, e.g. the batch file written will NOT include itself. │█ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘█ ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Creating Batch Files ════════════════════ The following command finds all batch files (*.BAT) in the current directory that contain a specified text; for each matching file, a batch file entry is written that prints the file using DOS PRINT. LOCATE .BAT /C /TEXT /BATCH ... specify search text at the first prompt ... specify batch file name at the second prompt = PBAT.BAT ... specify format line = "PRINT &n" ... NOTE: leave out quote marks Results: Batch File: F:\HOME\CONGRESS.LTR => PRINT CONGRESS.LTR F:\HOME\MASTER => PRINT MASTER F:\HOME\SALE .DOC => PRINT SALE.DOC ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 35 To run the PRINT command immediately for each file (instead of generating the batch file, see the previous example), use the /RUN option. Each command that would normally be written to a batch file will be executed by LOCATE. Note that you cannot use the /BATCH and /RUN commands concurrently. The following command instructs LOCATE to run the following command for a group of files: NCOPY <file>.<ext> \NEWDIR\<file>.$$$. Note that this command simply copies all files to \NEWDIR\ with the same name but a new extension (always .$$$). In this example, the format line is provided on the command line. LOCATE . /C /RUN="NCOPY &N \NEWDIR\&F.$$$" The following command builds a batch file (COPYIT.BAT) to execute the commands specified in the previous example. LOCATE . /C /BATCH="NCOPY &N \NEWDIR\&F.$$$" /BF=COPYIT.BAT To have LOCATE prompt for the format line in the above examples, the following commands may be used instead. LOCATE . /C /RUN ... to prompt for /RUN format line LOCATE . /C /BATCH ... to prompt for format line and file name Like the /TEXT option, when specifying /BATCH= or /RUN= on the command line, the '"' (double quote) marks are required (unless specifying a single token (character or word) with no leading or trailing spaces). To embed the '"' character in the search string, precede the character with '\' (backslash). If using the prompted method, then the '\' character is NOT required (it will be interpreted literally if provided). Many users prefer to set the default batch file name in the LOCATE environment variable (to TEMP.BAT, for example). If you choose to set a default name, you may override it at any time by simply specifying a new name on the command line or using the /BF- option. Refer to "Setting LOCATE Defaults" on page 7 for detailed information and instructions. ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 36 Chapter 7: Miscellaneous Topics ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Network Access Requirements ═══════════════════════════ LOCATE offers specific features and functionality for users under Novell NetWare, Advanced 2.1 or higher. Some features are restricted to users that have been granted specific access privileges. If you are not sure what rights you have, please consult with your network administrator. Please note that this section applies to Novell NetWare ONLY. LOCATE has been tested under Novell Netware 2.12, 2.2, and 3.11. The table below outlines required rights for users under version 2.1x (NetWare 286) and version 3.x (NetWare 386). Operation NetWare 2.1x NetWare 2.2-3.x ────────────────────────────────── ─────────────────── ─────────────── Read/Display file owner (S)earch (F)ile Scan Set new file owner Supervisor or Supervisor or Equivalent Equivalent ** Set file attributes on/off (S)earch (F)ile Scan (M)odify (M)odify Set file date or file time (S)earch (F)ile Scan (M)odify (M)odify (O)pen (R)ead (R)ead (W)rite Delete files (/DEL option) (D)elete (E)rase (if Hid, Sys, or ReadOnly) (S)earch (F)ile Scan (M)odify (M)odify ────────────────────────────────── ─────────────────── ─────────────── ** Under NetWare 3.11, a user may set a new file owner with (S)upervisor rights in the applicable directory. In this case, supervisor equivalency is not necessarily required. Note that under either environment, you can use the RIGHTS program (usually located in SYS:PUBLIC) to determine your rights for a specified file or in a specified directory. For additional help and information, please consult the NetWare reference or see your network administrator. ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 37 Alternate Option Specifications ═══════════════════════════════ In many cases, LOCATE supports several variations of option specifications; this allows you to use the option specification that makes the most sense to YOU. For example, you may think of a logical disk as a "drive" or a "disk", even though I generally refer to it as a "volume". As outlined in Chapter 2, white space within these options is ignored, so "/OWNER NOT = DRH" may be used instead of "/OWNERNOT=DRH" if you prefer (for readability). Standard Option Supported Alternative Options ─────────────────── ────────────────────────────────────────────────── /### (none) /A= /ATTR=, /ATTRIBUTE=, /ATTRIBUTES= /AGE= (none) /AUTO /NOCONFIRM /BATCH[=] /MB[=], /MAKEB[=], /MAKEBATCH[=], /B[=] /BF... /BATCHFILE[=]... (from command line only) /BIOS (none) /C (none) /CASE (none) /CD (none) /D= /DATE= /DNOT= /D!=, /DATENOT=, /DATE!= /DEL /DELETE, /ERASE /DIR (none) /? /HELP /M /MONO /NOCASE (none) /NONET (none) /NOOCCUR (none) /O= /OWNER= /OCCUR (none) /ONOT= /O!=, /OWNERNOT=, /OWNER!= /P /PAUSE /PATH (none) /Q /QUIET /R /REGISTER /RUN[=] (none) /S /SUB /S= /SIZE= /SETA= /SETATTR=, /SETATTRIBUTE=, /SETATTRIBUTES= /SETD= /SETDATE= /SETO= /SETOWNER= /SETT= /SETTIME= /T= /TIME= /TNOT= /T!=, /TIMENOT=, /TIME!= /TEXT /FIND, /SEARCH /TL### /TL[=]### (from command line only) /V= /VOL=, /VOLUME=, /DRIVE=, /DRIVES=, /DISK= ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 38 Redirecting Output ══════════════════ LOCATE supports standard DOS redirection. You may wish to use this feature to redirect the output display to a printer or to a file. For example, you may want to list all files matching a search specification on your printer for review. To redirect standard output for LOCATE (or any other DOS program that supports redirection), simply append the ">" symbol to the command line followed by a device or filename. Examples: LOCATE \.COM > COMFILES.LST ... list to file: COMFILES.LST LOCATE \.COM > PRN ... list to printer (LPT1: or PRN:) LOCATE \.COM > LPT2: ... list to printer on LPT2: LOCATE \.COM > NUL ... list to NUL device (void) Note that LOCATE will not allow you to redirect output to the console device (CON) simply because it makes little sense to do so. For more information on DOS devices and DOS redirection, please refer to your DOS reference manual. ┌─────────────────────────[ N O T E ]───────────────────────────────┐ │ When redirecting to devices (i.e., printers), please ensure │▄ │ that the printer is online and ready. If a device is not │█ │ ready, LOCATE will display a "Write Fault" error and abort. │█ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘█ ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ When you redirect output to a file or to a device (i.e., a printer), LOCATE detects the redirection and ensures that you still see important display information on-screen (for status and prompts, etc.). You cannot suppress this display entirely, although the /Q option may be used to suppress current directory/ file information. See "/Q Option", page 13, for additional information. In addition, when redirection is detected, the /P pause option is automatically disabled (if required); screen pauses are not needed when redirecting output to another device or to a file. ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 39 Error Messages ══════════════ This section contains an alphabetical listing of all errors and warnings generated by LOCATE. Note that some errors may be simply notifications (that allow you to continue), while others are fatal (force you to quit/abort). If you receive an error that is not listed here, please contact System Solutions Company for support. See Appendix E, page 55, for instructions and information. Cannot Use /BATCH with /RUN function ──────────────────────────────────── You cannot perform a /BATCH file creation AND use the /RUN option concurrently. Cannot Use /DEL with any /SET function ────────────────────────────────────── This error is the result if attempting to use any /SET option AND the /DEL option concurrently. This usually makes no sense (why set any file option if the file is going to be deleted?). Note that if you are attempting to use /SET to turn off the ReadOnly, System, and/or Hidden attributes in order for /DEL to delete the files, then you may simply use /DEL alone. LOCATE automatically removes these "protected" attributes in order to delete files when using the /DEL option. Cannot Use /DEL with /BATCH function ──────────────────────────────────── LOCATE does not allow you to use the /DEL option to remove files while creating a batch file with the /BATCH option. This is usually an error, since any batch file commands would be meaningless if you deleted the files with /DEL. Cannot Use /DEL with /RUN function ────────────────────────────────── This error is the result if attempting to use the /RUN option AND the /DEL option concurrently. You should first use the /RUN option, then perform the /DEL option if required. Device Error [<Device Name and Error>]: <R>etry <I>gnore <A>bort: ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── A fatal INT 24 error has occurred for the specified device. You may select to retry (useful for drive and printer errors), to ignore, or to abort. The device is usually a disk drive or a printer. If redirecting output to a printer, ensure that the printer is online and ready. If searching a removable disk (floppy, CD-ROM, etc.), ensure that the disk is mounted and ready (drive door closed, etc.). ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 40 Error Creating File [<Batch File Name>]; Check /BATCH Parameter ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── LOCATE could not create the specified batch file. Ensure that the name is valid. If you are in a network environment, then this error may be the result of specifying an existing file that is in use. Also, you must ensure that you have create/write permission in the current directory. Note that if you specify the name of an existing file, LOCATE overwrites the specified file. Error Deleting File [<File Name>] ───────────────────────────────── The specified file could not be deleted (when using /DEL option). If you are in a network environment, ensure that you have sufficient access rights to delete the file(s). See "Network Access Requirements", page 37, for specific rights requirements. Error Getting Owner [<File Name>] ───────────────────────────────── LOCATE could not read the NetWare file owner. Please contact System Solutions Company and report this error. Error Reading File [<File Name>] ──────────────────────────────── This error occurs if LOCATE cannot open a file in read-only mode (while using the /TEXT option). If you are in a network environment, ensure that the file is not in use. Note that LOCATE supports file sharing; however, another user may have the file open exclusively (denying reads and writes from other stations). Error Running Command [<File Name>] ─────────────────────────────────── This error results when LOCATE cannot execute the specified /RUN command for a file. LOCATE invokes DOS to run the requested program, so this error actually indicates that the DOS command interpreter could not be found or loaded. You may be very low on memory or perhaps your COMSPEC is missing or invalid. See you DOS documentation for additional information. Error Setting <Property> [<File Name>] ────────────────────────────────────── This error occurs when LOCATE cannot SET the file property (date, time, owner, or attribute) for the specified file. If you are in a network environment, ensure that you have sufficient access rights to set file property. See "Network Access Requirements", page 37, for specific rights requirements. Fatal Error Changing Directories ──────────────────────────────── This is a fatal error. If you are in a network environment, it is possible that another station deleted a directory or group of directories. Please contact System Solutions Company and report this error. ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 41 Fatal Error Getting Directory Information ───────────────────────────────────────── See "Fatal Error Changing Directories". Invalid Time Specification; Check <Time Option> Parameter ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────── You have entered an invalid time in the /T= or /SETT= option. You may have entered an invalid time range (i.e., /T=3:00-1:00). Note that time options should be entered in 24 hour format (0:00 is midnight, 12:00 is noon, and 23:59 is 11:59pm). Please refer to "/T= Option", page 19, 20, for additional information. Invalid Owner for Specified Path; Check Path and <Option> Parameter ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── The specified owner name is not valid for the specified path. When you use the /O= or /SETO= option, LOCATE examines the target search path(s), then queries the appropriate servers to validate the user. Double check both the user name spelling and the search path. Invalid Size Specification; Check /S Parameter ────────────────────────────────────────────── You have entered an invalid or missing size in the /S= option. You may have specified an invalid size range (i.e., /S=100-20). Please refer to "/S= Option", page 15, for additional information. Invalid Drive/ Directory Specification ────────────────────────────────────── You have specified an invalid search drive or directory. Invalid File Specification ────────────────────────── You have entered an invalid DOS file name. This error will result if the name contains illegal characters or if the specified name is a device name (CON:, PRN:, etc.). Invalid Age Specification; Range is 0 (Today) to 365 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── The /AGE= option is missing or invalid. You should enter the value in days between 0 and 365, inclusive. Please refer to "/AGE= Option", page 19, for additional information. Invalid Date Specification; Check <Date Option> Parameter ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────── You have entered an invalid date in the /D= or /SETD= option. You may have entered an invalid date range (i.e., /D=1-1-93 - 1-1-92). Note that you cannot use the "/" slash character within date specifications (i.e., specify "1-1-93", and NOT "1/1/93"). Please refer to "/D= Option", page 16, 18, for additional information. ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 42 Invalid Attribute Option; Check <Attribute Option> Parameter ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── You have entered an invalid or missing attribute value in the /A= or /SETA= option. Note that you need only enter the first character of the attribute(s), i.e., "A", "R", "S", and/or "H". Please refer to "/A= Option", page 21, for additional information. Invalid Volume/Drive List; Check /V Parameter ───────────────────────────────────────────── You have entered an invalid volume/ drive list in the /V= option. Please refer to "/V= Option", page 12, for additional information. Memory Allocation Error Loading During PATH Load ──────────────────────────────────────────────── LOCATE could not allocate memory to parse the PATH environment variable. If you are very low on memory, release memory and re-try the operation. If you cannot resolve this error, please contact System Solutions Company. Memory Allocation Error During Parse ──────────────────────────────────── See "Memory Allocation Error Loading During PATH Load". Memory Allocation Error Loading During /TEXT Allocation [<#> lines] ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── See "Memory Allocation Error Loading During PATH Load". Note that this error usually results from specifying a very large /TL### option value. For most environments, you should specify a value between 0 and 512. Missing File Specification ────────────────────────── You have not entered a search specification. You must, at a minimum, enter "." (to indicate "*.*"). This usually happens when you enter a command like "LOCATE /AGE=0", and you simply forget the file specification. No PATH Found; /PATH Option Not Available ───────────────────────────────────────── You have used the /PATH option; however, no PATH environment variable could be found. If you do not have a PATH environment variable, you should create one. Please refer to your DOS documentation for more information. Not Enough Memory for /TEXT Option ────────────────────────────────── LOCATE could not allocate memory needed to scan files for text occurrences. Also see "Memory Allocation Error Loading During /TEXT Allocation" above. Note: LOCATE needs to allocate approximately 8Kb of memory to perform the /TEXT operation. ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 43 Operation Aborted ───────────────── This message is informational. You have aborted (usually by pressing Ctrl-Break or Ctrl-C during the file scan). Owner Flag Not Available; No NetWare Servers Found ────────────────────────────────────────────────── You must have IPX protocol support (i.e., IPX or DOS ODI) and be attached to a NetWare Server running Novell NetWare 2.1x - 3.x in order to use the /O= or the /SETO= option. Refer to your NetWare documentation for additional information. Owner Flag Not Available; /NONET Option In Use ────────────────────────────────────────────── You cannot use the /O= or /SETO= options while the /NONET option is active. If you did not specify /NONET on the command line, then it is in the LOCATE environment variable. See "Setting LOCATE Defaults", page 7, for additional information. Unrecognized or Invalid Parameter: <Option> ─────────────────────────────────────────── You have specified a command or option that LOCATE does not understand. You should double check spelling and re-try the command. For a list of legal syntax for each option, please see "Alternate Option Specifications", page 38. ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 44 Troubleshooting: Common Questions ═════════════════════════════════ This section provides many common questions and tips. Even if you are not having problems, you may want to browse this section. The most common syntax mistakes are outlined here. When using /V= or /PATH with an owner option (/O=, /O !=, or /SET O=), one or more of my volumes/paths was not searched. Why was the path/volume removed from the search list by LOCATE? LOCATE removes invalid drives from /V= or /PATH whenever any one of the following conditions occurs: 1) the volume is invalid (it does not exist) 2) the volume is a CD-ROM drive and no CD is loaded 3) the drive letter is a NetWare SEARCH MAP drive (only applicable to /V=; use /PATH to search SEARCH MAP's) 4) you used an owner option (/O=, /O NOT=, /SET O=) and the owner is not valid for the server's drive Why does LOCATE report that I do not have enough memory? LOCATE requires very little memory to operate (95 to 125 Kb). If using the /TL= option on the command line or in your LOCATE environment variable, then make sure that the specified value is between 0 and approximately 512. If you still cannot resolve your memory shortage, contact System Solutions for assistance (see Appendix E, page 55). I am using the following syntax to search for all *.* files in the parent directory: "LOCATE .." Why does LOCATE search for UTILS.*? You forgot the file specification. You should specify "LOCATE ..\." for the desired result. I am using the /TEXT option and LOCATE just started searching a 115 Mb file. I do not want to search this file; how can I stop LOCATE; ESCAPE, SpaceBar, or ENTER do not work? Press Control-Break or Control-C to stop the scan. This type of break always stops LOCATE quickly and aborts the scan. How can I save my SET LOCATE= defaults? The easiest way to save defaults it to place the SET LOCATE= statement in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file. This ensures that the variable will be set each time you start your computer. Use any editor (EDIT in DOS ver.5.0, for example) to edit C:\AUTOEXEC.BAT and place the SET LOCATE= statement anywhere in the file. ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 45 Why does the file owner name display as "---" instead of the real owner? LOCATE uses "---" to report files with no owner. Note that Novell's NDIR command uses "N/A" for the same purpose. Files usually lose their owner information when the original owner is deleted from the bindery. To view all files with no owner, use the "/O=" option with no owner name, i.e., "LOCATE . /O=". Can LOCATE display the entire owner name (and not just the first three characters)? Because of space restrictions, LOCATE displays the first three characters only (followed by a plus "+" if more characters would normally follow). If this is a problem for you, use the /LN option on the command line or in the LOCATE environment variable (see "Setting LOCATE Defaults", page 7). Will LOCATE function properly with NetWare 4.0? LOCATE has not been tested under NetWare 4.0. Even though Novell has promised compatibility with existing API's, you should use caution when using LOCATE's NetWare features (i.e., /SET OWNER=) in a 4.0 environment. If you are operating in a multi-server 4.0 environment, then you should be aware that LOCATE will only see the first eight (8) server attachments. How does LOCATE retrieve and set NetWare (owner) information; why should I trust LOCATE with my NetWare bindery? LOCATE has been thoroughly tested in Novell NetWare environments. All NetWare interface code is written using Novell approved API calls (Application Program Interfaces). This is the same code that exists internally in the NetWare tools you use every day (SYSCON, FCONSOLE, FILER, etc.). I know that some of you may have been burned with commercial and shareware utilities that promise NetWare functionality or features. I assure you that LOCATE will perform as promised under the supported NetWare environments. I used the /V= option to include a drive in my NetWare SEARCH MAP list. My search map is "S3:= X:. [SERVER1\SYS: \PUBLIC]" and I used "/V=FGX". Why did LOCATE remove the X: from the list? NetWare SEARCH MAP drives may not be included in the /V= volume/drive listing. Simply use the /PATH option instead. All SEARCH drives are in the DOS PATH environment variable. ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 46 Why do I always get the error "Error Running Command..." when I use the /RUN option? Unless memory is very tight, this error is caused by a bad or missing command interpreter. Ensure that you have a COMSPEC environment variable that tells LOCATE where COMMAND.COM (or your command interpreter) is found and what it is called. For more information on the COMSPEC setting, please refer to your DOS documentation. Why does LOCATE always report syntax errors when I try to use the /DATE= or /SET DATE= options? You are probably using slashes "/" in the date instead of dashes "-". For example, "/D=02/01/93" is not valid (use "/D=02-01-93"). This is necessary since LOCATE delimits options by the forward slash "/" character. I used /DEL but the directories are still there; what happened? The current version of LOCATE does not remove directories when using the /DEL option to delete files. To remove all files and directories under a path, use the popular shareware utility, PRUNE. Note that MS-DOS 6.0 users may use DELTREE to remove files and directories. I used /SET... but only files were affected (not directories); what happened? The current version of LOCATE does not SET information for directories (only files are affected). I have a CD-ROM and the application software requires that the CD-ROM drive be in the DOS PATH. Why does LOCATE report errors when no CD is in the drive and I use the /PATH option? Your CD-ROM drive is similar to a floppy drive in that you must have a CD mounted/installed before LOCATE can access the drive. Either remove the CD drive from your PATH or leave a CD in the drive at all times. When I use the /TEXT option, I always want to ignore case, list occurrences, and list offset information; is there any way to keep LOCATE from asking every time? Use the SET LOCATE= environment variable to list your defaults. For /TEXT, use /TL, /[no]OCCUR, and /[no]CASE. See "Setting LOCATE Defaults", page 7 for instructions. For this example, use /NOCASE /OCCUR /TL100 (for 100 offset lines maximum). ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 47 When would I want to use the /### option to limit the number of files that LOCATE finds or sets? This option may be useful when LOCATE is used from within a batch file and you want to list and/or SET an option for a single file or a specific number of files. In this case, you may want to specify the /AUTO option to suppress confirmation prompts. When would I want to use the /AUTO option to suppress confirmation prompts? Generally, /AUTO is used from within batch files where a pre- determined /SET is being used and confirmation prompts are not necessary. See the previous topic for more information. When using /TEXT= or /RUN=, my format line is all bunched together. I specified "/RUN=browse &s /c" and LOCATE is using "/RUN=browse&s/c". Why are the spaces being removed? You forgot the surrounding double quote marks - "...". When specifying the /TEXT= or /RUN= format lines on the command line, surround the specification with " marks. For example, the following command should be used: LOCATE . /C /RUN="browse &s /c" Note that most users prefer to simply specify "/RUN" and allow LOCATE to prompt for the format line. In this case, no " marks are required. What can I expect from future releases of LOCATE? It greatly depends on YOU! Your feedback and suggestions are always given serious considerations. Please write or E-mail anytime. You do not have to be a registered user. No questions are asked. See Appendix E, page 55, for more information. A few of the planned enhancements are outlined here: - More NetWare features; NetWare 4.0 support - Support for ZIP (and other archive formats) files - Enhanced /DIR support (for /DEL and /SET options) - Full screen dialog windows for options and easy to use menus - DOS and Windows versions - Sort-able file listings that may be scrolled - Search by file type (PKLite .EXE, Windows .EXE, dBASE, etc.) - Ability to replace text (for /TEXT) with new text ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 48 Appendix A: Registration Information ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── LOCATE is distributed as shareware. You may use the shareware version for evaluation purposes only. This shareware version of LOCATE is the complete working version of the program, not a crippled or demo copy. Please refer to Appendix B, page 52, for distribution and usage information. System Solutions Company hereby grants you a limited license to use this software for evaluation purposes only for a period not to exceed 30 days. If you intend to continue using LOCATE beyond the 30-day evaluation period, then you MUST register/purchase the software. Registration instructions are outlined below. Using this software after the evaluation period has ended without registering is a violation of the terms of this limited license. How to Register ═══════════════ To register LOCATE, simply complete and mail the accompanying order form (see the ORDER.DOC file) with your payment to System Solutions Company. For questions regarding registration procedures, please contact System Solutions (see Appendix E, page 55, for instructions and information). Cost of Registration ════════════════════ You may purchase/license LOCATE for use by a single user or for use in a network environment by multiple users (i.e., a site license). Note that very small network environments (less than four users) may wish to purchase multiple single user licenses. - Single user license (each) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $15 - Network license (up to 50 users max) . . . . . . . . . . . $60 To license more than 50 users in a network environment, the cost is $60 (for the first 50 users) plus $10 per 25 users over 50. To calculate the cost for your environment, use the following formula (for 'UserCount', use the next higher multiple of 25): UserCount - 50 Total Cost = $60 + ( ---------------- x $10 ) 25 ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 49 Example Network License Options: 10 users $60 standard network license 60 users $70 $60 plus 1 group of 25 at $10/each 100 users $80 $60 plus 2 groups of 25 at $10/each 200 users $120 $60 plus 6 groups of 25 at $10/each 300 users $160 $60 plus 10 groups of 25 at $10/each 500 users $240 $60 plus 18 groups of 25 at $10/each ┌─────────────────────────[ N O T E ]───────────────────────────────┐ │ If you wish to license more than 500 users, please contact │▄ │ System Solutions and inquire about large site license options │█ │ (see Appendix E, page 55, for instructions and information). │█ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘█ ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Upgrade Information ═══════════════════ To upgrade a single user license to a network site license or to increase the number of users in a network license, you must simply pay the difference between you original purchase price and the current price of the desired license. For example, assume you purchased a standard network site license of version 2.11 for $60. To later expand your license to 100 users, you must pay $20 (assuming the current cost for 100 users is $80). To upgrade a single user license to a standard network license, you must pay $45 ($60 less the $15). If your license requirements do not change, the there is no cost to upgrade when new versions of LOCATE are released. See the next section, "Benefits of Registration", for more information. Benefits of Registration ════════════════════════ As a registered user, you will receive the following: - The most current version of the LOCATE program. I am constantly looking for ways to improve this software; registration ensures that you have the latest release. - Free lifetime technical support via mail and E-mail (through most popular services, including CompuServe and America Online). Support is available to registered users only. See Appendix E, page 55, for instructions on contacting System Solutions Company. ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 50 - Free lifetime upgrades. All registered users of LOCATE are licensed to use the most current version of the program forever. LOCATE's system files are made available on many online services and registered users may download upgrades without additional license fees. Note that if you purchase a network license and your user count increases, you must purchase additional licenses. The same applies to single users upgrading to a network license. Note that System Solutions will mail upgrades to users that do not have access to online services where LOCATE is posted. A processing and shipping fee will be charged. - Notification of significant upgrades and bug-fixes. When a new release is available, registered users are notified via mail or E-mail. The notification includes an order form (for mail-in update) and instructions for downloading updates from popular online services. ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 51 Appendix B: Limited Distribution License ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── You are encouraged to freely copy and distribute LOCATE subject to the following restrictions and provisions: The "LOCATE System" consists of all files and documentation as outlined in the PACKING.LST file. If any files listed in PACKING.LST are missing (or if PACKING.LST is missing), then the LOCATE system is not complete and may NOT be distributed. If the system is not complete, please contact System Solutions (see Appendix E, page 55) to obtain a complete distribution system. Important Provisions ════════════════════ - The LOCATE system, including all program files and documentation, must not be modified in any way without express written consent of Donald Ray Hutchins, System Solutions Company. - The documentation files may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, without express written consent of Donald Ray Hutchins, System Solutions Company. - The LOCATE system must be distributed in it's entirety (as stated above). - The LOCATE system is shareware and it must be listed/categorized as such in all distribution advertisements and documents. The LOCATE system must not be categorized as "public domain" or "freeware". - The LOCATE system may not be sold or leased under any circumstances. Shareware distributors may charge a reasonable distribution fee for this software. Distributors must not represent that they are selling the "software" itself. Please ensure that customers understand the difference between a distribution fee and a registration fee. - LOCATE may not be modified, decompiled, disassembled, or reverse- engineered in any way. System Solutions Company reserves the right to revoke distribution privileges from any vendor. All rights not expressly granted here are reserved by System Solutions Company. If you have questions regarding this policy, please contact System Solutions immediately (see Appendix E, page 55). ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 52 Appendix C: Description of Shareware ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── LOCATE is distributed as shareware. It is not a public domain program (it is not free). Please refer to Appendix A (page 49) for Registration and Appendix B (page 52) for Distribution and usage provisions. Shareware is a marketing method, not a type of software. It gives users a legal but limited trial period to evaluate a program before purchase. If you continue to use this program after a 30-day trial period has ended, you must register/purchase the program. Shareware, like commercially distributed software, is produced by professional programmers. And just like commercial programs, many shareware programs are very good, while others are not useful. The important difference between shareware and commercial software is that with shareware, you know if it will be useful to you BEFORE you spend your money. Shareware benefits you, the software user, because you get to test drive the software on your system and under your environment in order to determine whether the software meets your needs and your expectations. Before spending a single dollar, you can determine for yourself if the software will satisfy YOUR requirements. Shareware benefits program authors and developers because we are able to get our products into your hands without incurring many of the expenses associated with marketing, promoting, and distributing a commercial software application. The shareware system and the continued availability of quality shareware products depend on your support. It is a fair system where we all can benefit. I encourage you to take an active role in supporting the shareware concept. When you find a shareware product that is useful, register the software as required by the author. Most shareware programs offer a number of benefits when you register. In addition, your registration fees will ensure that support for existing programs and development of new programs and enhancements is possible. LOCATE was developed by a member of the Association of Shareware Professionals (ASP). Look for the ASP member notice in the shareware products that you obtain; it is a symbol of commitment to quality, support, and professionalism in software development and distribution. Please see Appendix D, page 54, for more information on the ASP. Register LOCATE and support the shareware system! ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 53 Appendix D: The Association of Shareware Professionals ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── The Association of Shareware Professionals (ASP) was formed in 1987 to inform users about the shareware marketing method, to foster a high degree of professionalism among shareware authors, and to provide a forum through which ASP members may communicate, share ideas, and learn from each other. ASP members' shareware meets additional quality standards beyond ordinary shareware. Members' programs must be fully functional (not crippled, demo, or out-of-date versions); program documentation must be complete and must clearly state the registration fee and the benefits received for registering; members must provide free mail or telephone support for a minimum of three months after registration; and members must meet other guidelines which help to insure that you as a user receive good value for your money and are dealt with professionally. ┌─────────┐ ┌─────┴───┐ │ (R) ──│ │o │────────────────── │ ┌─────┴╨──┐ │ Association of │ │ │─┘ Shareware └───│ o │ Professionals ──────│ ║ │──────────────────── └────╨────┘ MEMBER Donald Ray Hutchins is a member of the Association of Shareware Professionals (ASP). ASP wants to make sure that the shareware principle works for you. If you are unable to resolve a shareware-related problem with an ASP member by contacting the member directly, ASP may be able to help. The ASP Ombudsman can help you resolve a dispute or problem with an ASP member, but does not provide technical support for members' products. Please write to the ASP Ombudsman at 545 Grover Road, Muskegon, MI 49442 or send a CompuServe message via CompuServe MAIL to ASP Ombudsman 70007,3536. ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 54 Appendix E: Contacting System Solutions Company ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── To contact System Solutions Company for support, information, or feedback, please write to me at the address below. You may contact me by phone (evenings only EST, please) at the number listed; please use mail or E-mail (see below) when possible. Donald Ray Hutchins System Solutions Company 4409 Ansley Drive Winston-Salem, NC 27107-7671 (919) 788-9656 The quickest way to contact me is generally via E-mail (if you have easy access to an online service). I usually check messages at least twice a week on all services. CompuServe ID: 72064,1052 Internet: 72064.1052@compuserve.com AT&T Mail: MHS!CSMAIL!72064,1052 MCI Mail: To: Donald R. Hutchins EMS: CompuServe MBX: 72064,1052 America Online ID: DrHutchins Prodigy: 72064,1052@compuserve.com If you do not currently have access to these services and you have a pressing question or problem that cannot wait for postal mail, then use the phone number above. Please call during evening hours (EST). Comments and Suggestions ════════════════════════ I encourage feedback and bug-reports from ALL users, registered and un-registered -- NO QUESTIONS ASKED. If you have suggestions or criticisms for LOCATE (or any product developed by System Solutions Company), please contact me anytime! If you find a bug in this software, a mis-spelling or error in the documentation, etc. then please let me know as soon as possible. ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 55 Appendix F: Trademarks and Copyrights ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── LOCATE is Copyright (c) 1993, Donald Ray Hutchins, System Solutions. PRUNE is Copyright (c) 1992, Donald Ray Hutchins, System Solutions. IBM-PC/AT and PC-DOS are registered trademarks of IBM Corporation. MS-DOS is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. NetWare and Novell are registered trademarks of Novell, Incorporated. Norton Utilities is a registered trademark of Symantec Corporation. PC Tools is a registered trademark of Central Point Software. ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ LOCATE: version 2.10 page 56